First time doing form validation

There are a lot of little things about form validation that tripped me up a bit.

The first few attempts I used javascript and DOM manipulation to insert div's for the error messages. The problem was I could not get the error message to display where I wanted it and without destroying my layout.

I decided to scrap it and I followed a tutorial from mdn where I created functions that would add and remove the attributes from the html. I need more practice because I would like to be able to fully customize the validation forms.